Survival 101: The Very Basics You Need to Survive During an Emergency
Emergencies and disasters can strike without warning, leaving you to fend for yourself and your loved ones. Whether it’s a natural disaster, power outage, or unexpected crisis, being prepared can make all the difference. Here’s a guide to the very basics you need to survive during an emergency.
1. Water: The Lifeline
Importance of Water
Water is crucial for survival. The human body can go without food for several weeks but only a few days without water. Dehydration can lead to serious health issues and even death.
How Much Water?
It is recommended to store at least one gallon of water per person per day for at least three days. This amount covers drinking and basic hygiene needs.
Water Storage Tips,
- Use food-grade water storage containers.
- Keep stored water in a cool, dark place.
- Replace stored water every six months..
Water Purification
If your water supply runs out, knowing how to purify water is essential. Boiling water for at least one minute kills most pathogens. Water purification tablets and portable filters are also effective.
2. Food: Sustaining Your Energy
Non-Perishable Food
Store a minimum of three days’ worth of non-perishable food. Choose items that are easy to prepare and have a long shelf life, such as:
- Canned vegetables and fruits
- Dried fruits and nuts
- Peanut butter
- Energy bars
- Instant oatmeal and rice
Special Dietary Needs
Consider the dietary needs of your family members, including infants, elderly, and those with special dietary requirements.
Food Storage Tips
- Keep food in a cool, dry place.
- Use airtight containers to prevent spoilage.
- Rotate your food supply to ensure it remains fresh.
3. Shelter: Protection from the Elements
Safe Location
Identify a safe location in your home or nearby where you can take shelter. This could be a basement, interior room, or storm shelter.
Basic Shelter Materials
- Tents or tarps
- Sleeping bags or blankets
- Plastic sheeting and duct tape for sealing windows and doors
Maintaining Warmth
During cold weather, staying warm is critical. Layer clothing, use extra blankets, and if safe, use a fireplace or portable heater.
4. First Aid: Handling Injuries
First Aid Kit Essentials
A well-stocked first aid kit can save lives. Include the following items:
- Adhesive bandages of various sizes
- Antiseptic wipes and ointment
- Sterile gauze pads and adhesive tape
- Scissors and tweezers
- Pain relievers and fever reducers
- Prescription medications
Basic First Aid Skills
Learn basic first aid skills, such as CPR, wound care, and how to treat burns and fractures. Local Red Cross chapters often offer training courses.
5. Communication: Staying Informed
Emergency Contacts
Create a list of emergency contacts, including family members, neighbors, and local emergency services.
Communication Tools
- Battery-powered or hand-crank radio to receive emergency broadcasts
- Fully charged cell phone and portable charger
- Two-way radios for communication when cell networks are down
Staying Informed
Stay updated on the situation by listening to local news and weather reports. Follow instructions from authorities regarding evacuation or shelter-in-place orders.
6. Tools and Supplies: Essential Gear
Basic Tools
- Multi-tool or Swiss Army knife
- Flashlights and extra batteries
- Matches or lighters in waterproof containers
- Whistle for signaling
- Rope or paracord
Personal Hygiene
- Hand sanitizer
- Moist towelettes
- Toilet paper
- Trash bags for waste disposal
Important Documents
Keep copies of essential documents in a waterproof container, including:
- Identification (IDs, passports)
- Insurance policies
- Medical records
- Emergency plans
7. Emergency Plan: Be Prepared
Family Emergency Plan
Create and practice a family emergency plan. Discuss what to do in various scenarios, such as fires, natural disasters, and evacuations.
Evacuation Plan
Know the evacuation routes in your area. Plan how to leave your home quickly and where to go.
Practice Drills
Regularly conduct practice drills to ensure everyone knows what to do and where to go during an emergency.
Conclusion
Being prepared for an emergency involves planning, preparation, and practice. By ensuring you have the basics—water, food, shelter, first aid, communication, tools, and an emergency plan—you can significantly increase your chances of survival and protect your loved ones during unexpected crises. Stay informed, stay prepared, and stay safe.